英语中的动词不定式在考试中是比较常见的。不定式在句子中可做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和宾语补语。以下是动词不定时的用法解析。
1.动词不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。例如:
① To complete the 30 storied building in one year was quite a difficult task.
② To do that implies taking responsibility.
当主语较长,谓语较短时,常用it做形式主语,而将不定式放到谓语的后面。例如:
① It is important for modern young people to master at least two foreign languages.
◆It做形式主语,不定式放在谓语动词之后常用于下列结构中:
a) It is+形容词(easy, important, difficult, foolish, inconvenient, unnecessary, right, wrong...)+( for/of sb.)+不定式. 例如:
① It is essential to reserve a table in advance of Christmas Eve.
② It is hard to put my hopessintoswords.
③ It is not easy to catch fish with your hands only.
④ It is important for us young people to learn English and master it.
b) It is+名词(a pleasure, a pity, a pleasant thing, one’s duty, an honor, a shame, a crime, no easy job...)+不定式. 例如:
① It is a sheer waste of time to read that kind of trash.
② It is a pity to have to go without her.
③ It is a glorious death to die for the people.
c) It takes (sb.) some time (hours, months, days, a lot of time, patience...)+不定式.例如:
① It takes me three hours to learn English each day.
② It took them half the night to get home in the snow.
2. 动词不定式作表语不定式作表语常表示将来的动作,主语常常是表示意向、打算、计划的词,如wish, idea, task, purpose, duty, job等。例如:
① The most important thing for one’s health is to have plenty of exercise.
② My chief purpose has been to point out the difficulties of the matter.
③ The purpose of the organization is to greet all new comers to the city and to provide them with any necessary information.
④ What I wanted was to get the work done as quickly as possible.
3. 动词不定式作宾语不定式常在下列动词后面作宾语:
afford, agree, apply, arrange, ask, attempt, beg, begin, care, choose, claim, consent, demand, decide, desire, determine, expect, fail, hope, hesitate, hate, intend, learn, like, manage, mean, neglect, offer, plan, prepare pretend, promise, refuse, resolve, seek, tend, threaten, want等。例如:
① I like to go out for walks in the warm sunshine in spring.
② My mother hates to move from place to place, for she feels tired.I decide to work hard and get doctor’s degree.
③ The room is designed to be my study, but now it has to be used as a bedroom for the children.
④ She failed to finish the assignment in time, and she was worried about it.
◆不定式作宾语还常用在下面结构中;主语+动词+it+形容词+不定式。例如:
① We found it impossible to get everything ready in time. I think it important to learn English well in college. 使用这种句型的常见动词有:believe, consider, declare, feel, find, guess, imagine, prove, realize, suppose, think,等。
在英语语法中,非谓语动词一直是难点,也是很多学生排斥的语法学习部分。其实,仔细总结一下,我们会发现,所谓的“非谓语动词”其实并不陌生,很多都是平常常见的,甚至是常用的,只是我们并没有对号入座。因此,非谓语动词尽管听上去很陌生,但它其实早已融入到我们英语学习当中了。