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至臻艺考文化课 >> 新闻动态 >> 艺考生英语语法之部分倒装

艺考生英语语法之部分倒装

发布人: 至臻高考 发布日期:
[摘要]英语句子的主语通常位于谓语动词之前,这种语序被称为正常语序。但有时出于修辞或某种特殊的语法结构的需要,需要将谓语动词放在主语之前,这种语序则叫倒装语序。

按倒装的形式,倒装可分为两类,一是部分倒装,二是完全倒装。前者指主语和助动词倒置,后者指主语和谓语完全倒置。

部分倒装,即把主语与助动词倒置,其结构与一般疑问句大致相同。英语中构成部分倒装的主要情形有以下几种:

高中英语语法之倒装图表
高中英语语法之倒装图表

1. 在正式文体中,never, hardly, seldom, little, not until, not, not only, no sooner, no longer, nowhere, by no means 等含有否定意义的副词若位于句首,则其后要用部分倒装。如:

① Seldom does he read in his free hours. 他空余时间很少看书。

② By no means should he be left alone. 绝不能把他单独留下。

③ Hardly could the old man stand on his feet in the flaw. 老人在这阵狂风中几乎站不住了。

④ Never will you achieve anything if you spend your time that way. 你若总是这样消磨时间,就永远不会有所成就。

⑤ Not only did he speak more correctly, but he spoke more easily. 不仅他讲得更正确,也讲得更不费劲了。

⑥ Not until the rain stopped did he leave the room. 雨停了之后他才离开这房间。

注:某些起副词作用的介词短语,由于含有否定词,若位于句首,其后要用部分倒装。如:

⑦ In no case should you give up. 你绝不能放弃。

⑧ On no accounts can my name be mentioned to anyone. 我的名字是绝不能向任何人提起的。

2. 当状语受副词only的修饰且置于句首时,其后通常要用部分倒装的形式。如:

① Only in this way can our honour be saved. 只有这样,才能保住我们的荣誉。

② Only when he returned home did he realize what had happened. 当他回到家里时,才知道出了什么事。

高中英语培训
高中英语培训

3. so / neither / nor 表示前面所说的情况也适合于后者时,用“so / neither / nor+助动词+主语”这样的倒装句式(so用于前后为肯定的情况,neither / nor用于前后为否定的情况)。如:

① He can sing English songs and so can I. 他会唱英语歌,我也会。

② He didn’t see the film, and neither did I. 他没有看这部电影,我也没有看。

③ She is every beautiful and so was her mother when she was young. 她很美,她妈妈年轻时也很美。

4.当so…that… 结构中的“so+形容词或副词”结构位于句首时,其后用部分倒装的形式。如:

① So easy was the task that they finished it in a few days. 那项工作很容易, 他们几天就完成了。

② So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him. 他讲话声音那么大,隔壁屋里的人都听得见。

5.当if引导的虚拟条件从句中含有had, were, should等时,如将if省略,则要将had, were, should等移到主语前,构成倒装句。如:

① Had you listened to me, you wouldn't have made so many mistakes. 如果你听了我的话,你不会犯这么多错误。

② Should it be necessary, I could come at six. 如果确有需要,我可以六点钟来。

③ Were it not for your help, I wouldn't be doing so well. 若不是你帮忙,我现在不会干得这样好。

注:省略if后提前的had不一定是助动词。如:

④ Had I enough money, I would buy a new car. 如果我有足够的钱,我就去买一辆新车。