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至臻艺考文化课 >> 新闻动态 >> 高考英语必考:英语主谓一致的3大指导原则(三)

高考英语必考:英语主谓一致的3大指导原则(三)

发布人: 至臻高考 发布日期:
[摘要] 主谓一致作为高考英语的一个小考点,也难倒了不少学生。主谓关系通常受三大原则支配:语法一致原则、内容一致原则和就近原则。只要理清这些原则,答题就不成问题。

主谓一致(Subject-Verb Agreement),即谓语动词在“人称”与“数”上要和主语保持一致,这就是中英文的差异之一。中文中“他喜欢你”和“他们喜欢你”中的“喜欢”没有体现主语单复数的差别,而这两句话在英文当中则有“likes”和“like”的差别。

高中举办英语强化培训
高中举办英语强化培训

就近原则

就近原则,也称为“邻近原则”或“就近一致原则”,即谓语动词与靠近的名词和代词(不一定是主语)在“人称”和“数量”上保持一致。

1.当There be句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语动词应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:

① There is a pen, a knife and several books on the shelf. (a pen决定be动词用is)

② There are twenty boy-students and twenty girl-students in the class. (twenty boy-students决定be动词用are)

2.由here,there,where等引导的倒装句中,当主语不止一个时,谓语动词与最靠近的主语在数上保持一致。例如:

① Here comes the bus. (bus决定come用三单形式)

② Here is a pen and somepieces of paper for you. (a pen决定be动词用is)

③ Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away? (your wife决定be动词用is)

3.用连词or, nor, either……or, neither……nor, not only……but also等连接的并列主语,谓语动词与靠近它的主语在数上保持一致。例如:

① Either you or I am to blame. (I决定be动词用am;若you和I互换位置,be动词则跟随you用are)

② Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything abhout it. (the teacher决定know用三单形式;若the students和the teacher互换位置,know则跟随the students用原形)

③ Not only the studens but also the teacher likes the movie. (the teacher决定like用三单形式;若the students和the teacher互换位置,like则跟随the students用原形)

④ He or I am in the wrong. (I决定be动词用am;若he和I互换位置,be动词则跟随you用is)

高考英语复习学术交流
高考英语复习学术交流

就远原则

就远原则,和“就近原则”的使用方法相反,即谓语动词要和较远的主语在“人称”和“数量”上保持一致。当用作主语的成分后面跟有由but, except, besides, including, like, with, as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, in addition to, combined with, rather than, together with等引出的短语时,需要采用就远原则。例如:

① Everybody except you is down on me. 除了你,大家都看不起我。

② A woman with two children has come. 一位妇女带着两个孩子已经来了。

③ John, rather than his roommates, is to blame. 约翰,而不是他的室友,应该受到责备。

④ Jim, together with his classmates, has seen the film. 吉姆和他的同学都看过这部电影。

⑤ My father, no less than I, is a base-ball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我也是个棒球迷。

⑥ The son, as well as his parents, wants to go there. 不但儿子想去那儿,而且他的父母也想去。

⑦ The teacher, as well as the students, is interested in the activity. 老师也和同学们一样对这项活动有兴趣。

◆注意:

(1)one of +复数名词+who/that/which 引导的定语从句中, 定语从句的动词为复数。例如:

 

Mary is one of those people who keep pets. 玛丽是饲养宠物者之一。

(2)The only one of +复数名词+ who/that./which 引导的定语从句中,定语从句的动词应为单数。例如:

Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 玛丽是唯一一个饲养宠物的人。

英语主谓一致的3大指导原则已经全部讲解完毕,想知道你学得怎么样吗?找些练习,自己测试一下吧。